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According to the Article 42 of the Constitution every individual has a right to education. The details are stipulated by the separate acts.

The basic education in Slovakia is compulsory, and generally takes 10 years – from the 6th to the 16th year of age of the child.

The primary schools education in Slovakia lasts for nine years. The primary schools are divided into two levels: First level (pre-school class through the 4th grade) and the second level (5th through the 9th grade). In some schools, the secondary level is connected with the secondary grammar school.

Slovak nationals are entitled to a free education at the primary and secondary schools. Children of the foreigners with a valid residential permit in Slovakia and children of refugees and asylum seekers are provided with the education at the primary and secondary state schools under the same conditions as Slovak nationals.

Podľa Ústavy majú občania SR právo na bezplatné vzdelanie na základných školách a stredných školách, a "podľa schopností občana a možností spoločnosti aj na vysokých školách".