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The most fundamental form of a citizens' participation in the public affairs is exercising their right to vote. According to the article 30 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic (Act no. 460/1992 Coll., hereinafter only as „Constitution“) “Citizens enjoy the right to participate in public life either directly or by a voluntary selection of their representatives.”

According to Article 1 of the Parliamentary Elections Act, elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic take place based on general, equal and direct election, by a secret ballot, with a regard to the principle of proportional representation.

The election to the self-governing regional bodies are also based on general, equal and direct election principles, by the secret ballot (more details in the article about the Election to the National Council).

In 1992 the Council of Europe passed the European Convention on the Participation of Foreigners in Public Life at Local Level. This convention classifies "foreigners" as persons who are not citizens of the state, in which they legally reside.

The article 37, paragraph 4 of the Slovak Constitution states that "the right to strike is guaranteed". However, this does not apply to the members of the following professions: judges, prosecutors, members of the army, fire-fighters and the members of the rescue corps.